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CASE REPORT |
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Year : 2014 | Volume
: 22
| Issue : 2 | Page : 90-92 |
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Presumed Acute Adenoviral Dacryoadenitis Associated with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: A Case Report
Eva Tirkey, Shivcharan Lal Chandravanshi, Shashi Jain, Vinay Mishra
Department of Ophthalmology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
Date of Web Publication | 7-Apr-2015 |
Correspondence Address: Dr. Shivcharan Lal Chandravanshi Department of Ophthalmology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa - 486 001, Madhya Pradesh India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0189-9171.154617
Traumatic paralytic esotropia due to 6th nerve palsy is not uncommon but difficult to manage. We reported a case of 38‑year‑old male who sustained head injury in road traffic accident 15 years ago and inward deviation of his left eye. His vision in right eye was 20/20 and counting fingers at one foot in the left eye. He had >70 prism diopters esotropia in the left eye with restriction of movements in all directions of gaze except adduction. His forced duction test was positive. Examinations of the anterior and posterior segments of both eyes were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested old traumatic insult in the left eye. Diagnosis of left eye traumatic 6th nerve palsy with medial rectus contracture was made. Left medial rectus recession with hangback sutures and Hummelsheim procedure were performed. Postoperatively, the patient's vision in the left eye had improved to 20/80 the esotropia had reduced to 15 prism diopters (delta). Keywords: Abducent nerve, esotropia, trauma
How to cite this article: Tirkey E, Chandravanshi SL, Jain S, Mishra V. Presumed Acute Adenoviral Dacryoadenitis Associated with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: A Case Report. Niger J Ophthalmol 2014;22:90-2 |
Introduction | |  |
Dacryoadenitis is a rare ophthalmic disorder. It is caused by various bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. [1] The most frequently involved causative microorganisms are staphylococcus bacteria and mumps virus. In this case report, a 16-year-old immunocompetent male child with acute dacryoadenitis associated with adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is described. As far we are aware of, this is the first case of adenovirus-induced acute dacryoadenitis associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.
Case Report | |  |
A 16-year-old boy presented to us complaining severe pain, watering, photophobia, redness, diminution of vision and drooping of upper eyelid in the right eye since 2 days. He was also having upper respiratory tract infection for 5 days. In his family, brother and sister were also suffering from acute red eye and diagnosed adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. We also diagnosed many patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis in the last 2 months from the same area. Ocular examination of the right eye revealed mechanical ptosis due to upper eyelid edema, erythema, circumcorneal congestion, follicles in upper and lower conjunctival fornices, chemosis and painful and enlarged palpebral lobe of lacrimal gland [Figure 1]. Corneal sensation decreased in all four quadrants in both the eyes. Anterior chamber showed normal findings. Visual acuity was 6/24 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. About 3 mm × 2 mm size epithelial defect was present, which had a geographical configuration at 6'O clock position, 2-3 mm inside the limbus. Multiple subepithelial infiltrates were present in the whole cornea. Fluorescein staining showed superficial punctate staining of upper 3/4 th part of the cornea. Bed of the geographical ulcer stains about 3 mm × 2 mm with fluorescein. The left eye also showed multiple white subepithelial infiltrations. Regurgitation on pressure over lacrimal sac area was negative. Pupillary reaction, extraocular muscle movements, intraocular pressure and dilated fundus examination in both eyes were normal. Bilateral tender preauricular lymphadenopathy was noted. Giemsa stain showed predominantly mononuclear cells in the conjunctival smear in both eyes. A computerized tomography scan of the right orbit revealed diffuse enlargement of lacrimal gland [Figure 2]. The chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound were normal. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, conjunctival swab cultures, bacterial and fungal blood cultures were unremarkable. ELISA for HIV was nonreactive. Serum immunoglobulins IgG and IgM for herpes, cytomegalo, and Epstein-Barr virus were within normal range. Serologic studies for adenovirus antibody IgG were 0.85 IV (negative) and IgM was 1.19 IV (positive). The child was treated with topical cyclopentolate 1% 3 times a day and carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%, 2 h and ibuprofen 400 mg 4 times a day for 5 days along with pantoprazole 40 mg once a day for 5 days. He responded well and was discharged from the hospital on 7 th day on topical cyclosporine-A 1% 4 times a day and carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5% eye drop 4 times a day. At 16 th week follow-up both of his cornea were clear, and his visual acuity returned to 6/6. Slit lamp examination showed normal appearance of lacrimal glands with no signs of dry eye [Figure 3]. | Figure 1: Slit lamp photograph of cornea showing adenoviral dacryoadenitis and corneal ulcer on fluorescein staining
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 | Figure 2: Computerized tomography scans of orbit showing diffuse enlargement of the right lacrimal gland
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 | Figure 3: Posttreatment clinical photograph showing complete resolution of signs of dacryoadenitis and corneal lesions
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Discussion | |  |
Dacryoadenitis is an inflammation of lacrimal gland. It is classified as acute and chronic dacryoadenitis on the basis of chronicity. Acute dacryoadenitis is usually unilateral, painful and have a rapid onset. Chronic dacryoadenitis can be bilateral, painless condition with long duration of onset. Acute dacryoadenitis is an uncommon disease and usually caused by infectious agents. [1] Incidence of acute dacryoadenitis is one in 10,000-15,000 cases. [2] Mumps virus and Epstein-Barr virus are most frequent cause for viral dacryoadenitis. [3] Other viruses involved in dacryoadenitis are herpes simplex virus, infectious mononucleosis virus, cytomegalovirus, human immune deficiency virus and herpes zoster virus. [1],[2],[3],[4] We assume that our patient was suffering from pharyngoconjunctival fever as he had upper respiratory tract infection (pharyngitis and rhinorrhea) and preauricular lymphadenopathy simultaneously. The acute viral illness proceeds with a primary lesion of respiratory tract, eye, and lymph node. [5] Dacryoadenitis may be caused by direct invasion of adenovirus of the lacrimal gland or by secondary involvement due to inflammation extending from the keratoconjunctival lesions.
Adenoviral infection in the human eye can cause nonspecific conjunctivitis, follicular conjunctivitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and chronic/relapsing adenoviral conjunctivitis. [5],[6] The diagnosis of adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in present case based is on typical clinical signs such as positive family history, simultaneous community involvement, bilateral subepithelial white infiltrations, conjunctival follicles, tender preauricular lymphadenopathy, higher level of serum adenoviral antibodies IgM and presence of inclusion bodies in conjunctival smear. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is caused by adenovirus serovars 8, 19, and 37. [7] Serological typing and polymerase chain reaction for adenoviral were not available in our case, which is a limitation of our case report. Various laboratory tests such as viral culture, fluorescent antibody test, enzyme immune assay, hemagglutination test, complement fixation test and polymerase chain reaction for adenovirus were required for confirmation. [6] Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is a self-limiting disorder, and no anti-viral drug is effective. Treatment is mainly symptomatic. [8] Topical cyclosporine-A 0.1% may be required in nonresolving subepithelial corneal infiltrations. [9]
Adenoviral infection should be considered agent in the differential diagnosis of acute dacryoadenitis. To avoid treatment delay, acute dacryoadenitis should be kept in mind as a possible manifestation of adenoviral ocular infection during treatment of epidemic adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.
References | |  |
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9. | Meyer-Rüsenberg B, Loderstädt U, Richard G, Kaulfers PM, Gesser C. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: The current situation and recommendations for prevention and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011;108:475-80. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
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